Sudoku Solver

Extreme

X-Cycle (Continuous)

A continuous loop of strong and weak links for a single digit that validates the chain and eliminates peers.

X-Cycle (Continuous) is a strategy dealing with loops of a single digit. It is also known as a "Continuous Nice Loop."

Unlike its discontinuous cousin which finds a contradiction, a continuous loop is a perfectly balanced structure where every link works in both directions. This stability turns Weak Links into Strong Links, allowing for eliminations.

[!NOTE] Real Example Pending: This strategy is an advanced theoretical concept of loop analysis. We are currently waiting for a pure example in our database. The following is a theoretical explanation.

Interactive Example

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Click "Apply Logic" to see the strategy in action.

The Logic: The "Perfect Loop"

Imagine a chain of cells that only care about the number 7:

  1. Start: Cell A.
  2. Strong Link: If A is 7, Cell B is NOT 7. (And if B is 7, A is NOT 7).
  3. Weak Link: If B is NOT 7, Cell C is 7.
  4. ...Chain continues...
  5. Return: The chain loops back to A perfectly.

Because the loop has an even number of links and alternates perfectly between Strong (S) and Weak (W), it acts like a closed circuit. - If A is True, then B is False, C is True... - If A is False, then B is True, C is False... - Both states are valid!

The Power of Stability

Because both states are valid, every Weak Link in the loop effectively becomes a Strong Link. - Normally, "If B is 7, C is not 7" is weak logic (both could be false). - In a continuous loop, one of them MUST be 7. It's impossible for both to be false.

The Elimination: Since every pair of connected cells in the loop now has a strong relationship (one of them must be true), any cell that sees both of them cannot contain the candidate.

Visual Guide

(Strong) (Weak becomes Strong) [A] ───────── [B] ══════════════ [C] | | | | (Strong) └─────────────────────────────── [D] (Weak becomes Strong)

In this loop of 7s: - One of B or C must be 7. - Therefore, any cell Z that sees both B and C cannot be a 7. - Eliminate 7 from Z.

Continuous vs. Discontinuous

Feature Discontinuous X-Cycle Continuous X-Cycle
Result Logic crashes (Contradiction) Logic flows forever (Stable Loop)
Logic "If Start is True, Start is False" "Start is either True or False, both work"
Elimination The Candidate at the Start/End Candidates outside the loop (Peers)

How to Spot It

  1. Single Digit Filter: Focus on one number (e.g., 7).
  2. Find Strong Links: Draw lines between cells that are strongly linked (only 2 candidates in a row/col/box).
  3. Connect with Weak Links: Use weak links (3+ candidates) to bridge gaps.
  4. Find a Loop: Try to form a closed ring.
  5. Check Even/Odd: Count the nodes. A continuous nice loop must have an even number of cells.

Common Mistakes

  • Odd Number of Nodes: A loop with an odd number of cells is never continuous. It will always be discontinuous (a contradiction).
  • Wrong Digit: This strategy works on ONE digit at a time. If you switch digits, it becomes an XY-Chain.

Comparison Table

Strategy Cycle Type Link Type Application
X-Wing Continuous Loop (4 nodes) Geometric Basic Fish
Simple Coloring Continuous/Discontinuous Color-based Visual Chaining
X-Cycle (Cont.) Continuous Loop (Any length) Logical Links Flexible Loop

Note: Determining that a Fish pattern (like X-Wing or Swordfish) is essentially a small, continuous X-Cycle is a great way to understand the underlying logic of Sudoku!

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